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1 Citation Eicosanoids , or icosanoids function as autocrine and paracrine mediators, and are oxygenated hydrophobic derivatives of 20-carbon polyunsaturated essential fatty acids , predominantly arachidonic acid ( AA ) in humans. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid ( DGLA ) and eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA , icosapentaenoic acid, timnodonic acid) also serve as eicosanoid precursors. Eicosanoids include leukotrienes with four double bonds and prostanoids with two double bonds ( prostaglandins, technorati.com
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evolution of immune and coagulation systems 1 Citation Immune system The innate immune system is ancient and displays roots roughly one billion years old, deep in the deuterostome branch of the bilaterians (pre-Cambrian). The lectin pathway (MBL - MASP) is homologous to the classical complement pathway, but utilizes opsonin, mannan-binding lectin (MBL, MBP) and ficolins rather than C1q. Diversified ficolins are of particular importance in invertebrates, which lack the adaptive immune response that evolved some 500 million years ago in jawed vertebra, technorati.com
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